If you’ve made a mental map
of your neighborhood,
or learned how to use public transportation,
you’ve practiced the observation
and reasoning skills used by geographers.
These scientists study Earth’s features
and the relationship of human activity
to the planet.
Many geographers do fieldwork to gather data,
and study maps, photographs,
and census reports for their research.
They also create maps and geographic images,
which may be used to guide decision making
related to land use and groups of people.
Geographers usually focus on either
Earth’s physical aspects…
such as landforms, water,
and natural resources…
or on human geography…
which explores the relationship
of human activity to the physical environment.
For example, using satellite imagery,
a human geographer might research
the impact of conflict on a region—
its effects on water supply…
farming practices… and emigration.
Geographers rely on
geographic information systems software
—or GIS—
and satellite imagery to collect data
they need for their reports.
Most geographers work standard,
full-time business hours.
Some geographers travel to the region
they are studying,
which can mean visiting foreign countries
and remote locations.
Geographers need a bachelor’s degree
for most entry-level positions,
including jobs in the federal government.
GIS skills and geography knowledge
are used in the work of surveyors,
urban and regional planners, and geoscientists.
A master’s degree and related work experience
are typically required
for more advanced positions.